Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42837085›Full record

ArticleEndocrine2026

The joint association of loneliness, social isolation, and satisfaction with major depressive disorder incidence in individuals with diabetes.

Yinxi Tan, Weiwei Wang, Hexiang Peng, Huangda Guo, Yi Zheng, Haodong Zhang, Yixin Li, Hanyu Zhang, Tao Wu, Jie Huang and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yinxi TanDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Weiwei WangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Hexiang PengDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Huangda GuoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Yi ZhengDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Haodong ZhangDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Yixin LiDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
Hanyu ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Tao WuDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
Jie HuangSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China. huangj@sustech.edu.cn.
Mengying WangDepartment of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. mywang@bjmu.edu.cn.
Lu QiDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82204135Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality 7232237
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the joint associations of life satisfaction, loneliness and social isolation in relation to the risk of incident major depressive disorder (MDD) in diabetes patients.

methodsA total of 7712 participants with diagnosed diabetes at baseline from the UK Biobank were included. Cox proportional hazards models and interaction analyses were used to examine associations of loneliness, social isolation, and life satisfaction with MDD.

resultsDuring a median follow-up time of 11.1 years, 442 participants developed MDD (incidence rate: 5.73%). Participants with high loneliness, high social isolation, and low life satisfaction were associated with 176%, 82%, and 493% higher risks of MDD compared to those with low loneliness, low social isolation, and high life satisfaction, respectively (all P < 0.001). Several statistically significant interactions between loneliness and different aspects of life satisfaction were identified in relation to incident MDD. Participants with both low life satisfaction and high loneliness were at 8.06 times the risk of MDD than those with high life satisfaction and low loneliness.

conclusionIn individuals with diabetes, higher loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased MDD risk, whereas higher life satisfaction was associated with a lower risk. The joint associations varied across levels and domains of life satisfaction, although interaction patterns were not consistent across all measures or statistical scales. These findings may help identify individuals at elevated risk of MDD but should be interpreted cautiously given the observational design, potential residual confounding, and measurement limitations.

Indexed as

Diabetes MellitusLonelinessMajor Depressive DisorderPersonal SatisfactionSocial IsolationAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedRisk FactorsUnited KingdomDiabetesLife satisfactionLonelinessMajor depressive disorderSocial isolation

Identifiers

PMID42837085

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.