Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42836956›Full record

ArticlePsychopharmacology2026

Time-based prospective memory impairment in adults who smoke: the role of internal and external attention and cue-based intervention.

Yunfei Guo, Hui Sun, Qianhui Xing, Xinran Chen, Jiaqun Gan, Yimin Li

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Article in Psychopharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Yunfei GuoHenan Province Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 453007, China.
Hui SunHenan Province Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 453007, China.
Qianhui XingHenan Province Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 453007, China.
Xinran ChenHenan Province Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 453007, China.
Jiaqun GanHenan Province Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 453007, China.
Yimin LiHenan Province Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, 453007, China. liyimin@henu.edu.cn.

Funding

Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province 262102321071
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleLong term smoking can cause sustained damage to time-based prospective memory (TBPM). However, the specific processing mechanism of smoking induced TBPM damage is not yet clear, and there is a lack of effective intervention measures.

objectivesThis study systematically explores the mechanism of smoking's impact on TBPM from attention perspective and suggests its improvement effect

methodsThe experiment adopted a dual task paradigm, randomly dividing 76 adults who smoke (with a smoking history of 2-5 years and smoking more than 10 cigarettes per day) into a smoking non-reminder group and a smoking reminder group, and recruiting 32 non-smokers as a non-smoking group.

resultsThe results showed that the accuracy of TBPM in the smoking non-reminder group was significantly lower than that in both the smoking reminder group and the non-smoking group, and was also accompanied by lower time‑monitoring effectiveness. The smoking non-reminder group had the highest frequency of time checking, followed by the non-smoking group, and the smoking reminder group had the lowest.

conclusionsThese findings suggest that adults who smoke present a dual deficit characterized by insufficient internal attention and reduced external attention effectiveness. However, reminders can effectively improve the TBPM performance of adults who smoke by reducing the demands of internal attention.

Indexed as

AttentionNicotineSmokingTime-based prospectiveTime checking

Identifiers

PMID42836956

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