ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2026
Global burden of varicella and herpes zoster in women of childbearing age: insights from the global burden of disease study 1990-2021.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionAlthough the epidemiological characteristics of varicella and herpes zoster have been systematically studied, there is currently a lack of research on the disease burden and changing trends in women of childbearing age (WCBA) (15-49 years) with varicella and herpes zoster.
methodsBased on data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we investigated the prevalent cases, incident cases, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), prevalence rates, incidence rates, and DALY rates of varicella and herpes zoster among women of childbearing age across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Temporal trends in disease burden were assessed by calculating the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC), which was calculated using a linear regression model, and the percentage changes from 1990 to 2021, calculated using 1990 as the reference year.
resultsIn 2021, the prevalent cases, incident cases, and DALYs of WCBA with varicella and herpes zoster increased globally by 53%, 55%, and 11%, respectively, compared with those in 1990. At the global level, the prevalent cases, incident cases, and DALYs reached 814,883.57, 5,274,247.6, and 79,698.78, respectively. The EAPCs for the prevalence rate, incidence rate, and DALY rate were 0.20 (95% CI: 0.17 to 0.24), 0.19 (95% CI: 0.15 to 0.23), and -0.89 (95% CI: -0.92 to -0.86), respectively. In most SDI regions, the prevalence rates and incidence rates increased, while the DALY rates decreased. The high-SDI region showed the highest in EAPCs for the prevalence rate, incidence rate, and DALY rate, with EAPCs of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.44 to 0.79), 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47 to 0.86), and 0.17 (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.30), respectively.
conclusionOverall, from 1990 to 2021, the global burden of varicella and herpes zoster among WCBA increased, with increases in prevalent and incident cases as well as prevalence and incidence worldwide. Although the DALY rate declined in most SDI regions, it generally trended upward in the high-SDI region.
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