Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42836862›Full record

ArticleUrologie (Heidelberg, Germany)2026

[Application and utilization of virtual and augmented reality in surgical specialties-an expert Delphi consensus].

K F Kowalewski, M E Geissler, J P Bereuter, J Ebbing, M Glienke, J Hatzl, F Heinrich, T Huber, F Joeres, Bfb Mayer and 7 more

Abstract readEnglish Abstract
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In one paragraph

Article in Urologie (Heidelberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

K F KowalewskiKlinik für Urologie und Urochirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Deutschland. Karl-Friedrich.Kowalewski@umm.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2931-6247
M E GeisslerKlinische Kooperationseinheit "Intelligent Systems and Robotics in Urology (ISRU)", Heidelberg, Deutschland.
J P BereuterKlinik und Poliklinik für Viszeral‑, Thorax- und Gefäßchirurgie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Deutschland.
J EbbingKlinik für Urologie, Universitätsspital Basel, Basel, Schweiz.
M GlienkeKlinik für Urologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland.
J HatzlKlinik für Gefäßchirurgie und Endovaskuläre Chirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
F HeinrichOtto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
T HuberKlinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Transplantationschirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland.
F JoeresOtto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
Bfb MayerKlinik für Kinderchirurgie und Kinderurologie, Kinderklinik Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Deutschland.
A PreukschasKlinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Thoraxchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Deutschland.
M QueisnerChirurgische Klinik, CCM | CVK, Experimentelle Chirurgie, Digital Surgery Lab, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
M W SchmidtKlinik und Poliklinik für Geburtshilfe und Frauengesundheit, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz, Deutschland.
L SchwenderlingOtto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland.
C SteinerKlinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
J P StruckKlinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Brandenburg an der Havel, Brandenburg an der Havel, Deutschland.
H BorgmannKlinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Universitätsklinikum Brandenburg an der Havel, Brandenburg an der Havel, Deutschland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDigitalization in healthcare is progressing only slowly in Germany. To counter this trend, four different consensus groups came together as part of the Digital Health Summit in Brandenburg. The aim was to assess the current situation and to formulate demands directed at policymakers and the scientific community in order to advance digitalization.

objectiveThis paper presents the results of the experts' Delphi process on extended reality (XR) in surgical specialties. MATERIALS AND

methodsAs part of the Digital Health Summit Brandenburg 2024, a multistage expert consensus process was conducted with physicians and researchers. Following an initial literature review, statements on the topics of definition, status quo, translation, and utopia were developed and evaluated within a Delphi process.

resultsA total of 31 statements were developed across five categories, the majority of which were endorsed with very strong (41%) or strong (56%) consensus. Participants currently see XR being used primarily in education and training and in surgical planning. For clinical translation, interdisciplinary collaboration as well as the provision of resources and guidelines for clinical integration were key priorities. With regard to optimal use of the technologies, interdisciplinary development as well as mandatory provision and promotion of the technologies were cited.

conclusionXR applications have already been adopted in certain areas of medicine and have demonstrated benefit in specific domains. However, the current framework conditions for developers and healthcare providers are insufficient for widespread implementation in routine clinical practice. In addition to financial and methodological support, there is a particular need to streamline regulatory barriers.

Indexed as

DelphiExtended RealityMixed RealityUrologieVirtual Reality

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.