Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42836614›Full record

Trial reportClinical and experimental dental research2026

Comparison of Clinical Effects of Essential Oil-Containing Mouthwash and Chlorhexidine Mouth Wash in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment - Three-Month Follow-up Randomized-Controlled Trial.

Fazli Rabi, Naveed Sadiq, Muhammad Jamil, Sadia Asif Samdani, Waqas Naseem, Ferdous Bukhary, Umar Hussain, Alessandra Campobasso, Nikolaos Pandis

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07119840 (Comparison Of Clinical Effects Of Listerine And Chlorhexidine Mouth Wash In Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07119840 nacompletednot on this map

Comparison Of Clinical Effects Of Listerine And Chlorhexidine Mouth Wash In Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment

TypeinterventionalSponsorKhyber Medical University PeshawarRan2025 to 2025Enrolled60ConditionsGingivitis, Dental PlaqueArmsListerine Mouthwash Product, Chlorhexidine mouthwash
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Fazli RabiDepartment of Public Health, MS Epidemiology and Biostatistics Scholar, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2101-0780
Naveed SadiqInstitute of Public Health and Social Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4141-0714
Muhammad JamilPeriodontology, Khyber College of Dentistry, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8360-7403
Sadia Asif SamdaniDepartment of Orthodontics, Isra University, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-0159
Waqas NaseemDepartment of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hajdú-Bihar, Hungary.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4556-1995
Ferdous BukharyDepartment of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9010-8482
Umar HussainOrthodontics, Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8100-561X
Alessandra CampobassoOrthodontics, Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4726-8816
Nikolaos PandisUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0258-468X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study aimed to compare the clinical effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and essential oil-containing mouthwash (EOM) on periodontal health in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment over a 3-month follow-up period. MATERIAL AND

methodsThis double-blinded, parallel-arm randomized-controlled clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics, Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat, Pakistan. Sixty participants aged 13-40 years undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment were randomly allocated to receive either 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash or Listerine essential oil mouthwash, dispensed in identical coded containers to ensure blinding. Participants were instructed to rinse with 10 mL of the assigned mouthwash twice daily for 30 s for 3 months while maintaining routine oral hygiene practices. The primary outcomes were the plaque index and the gingival index. Tooth staining was assessed as a secondary outcome (harm). Clinical outcomes, including the plaque index, the gingival index, and the stain index, were recorded at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 months by a calibrated examiner. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equation models to evaluate longitudinal changes between groups, with statistical significance set at p ≤ 0.05.

resultsThe gingival index showed a significant change over time (Wald p = 0.02), with no statistically significant overall difference between the CHX and Listerine groups (Wald p = 0.07). The plaque index was significantly higher in the CHX group than in the Listerine group (Wald p < 0.001). The stain index was also significantly higher in the CHX group than in the Listerine group (Wald p < 0.001).

conclusionBoth mouthwashes were associated with changes in periodontal health during fixed orthodontic treatment. Compared with CHX, EOM was associated with significantly lower plaque index and stain index scores, whereas no statistically significant overall difference between groups was observed for the gingival index.

trial registrationThis trial was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07119840).

Indexed as

ChlorhexidineMouthwashesOils, VolatileOrthodontic Appliances, FixedAdolescentAdultAnti-Infective Agents, LocalDental Plaque IndexDouble-Blind MethodDrug CombinationsFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGingivitisHumansMaleOral HygieneAnti-Infective Agents, LocalChlorhexidineDrug CombinationsListerineMouthwashesOils, VolatileSalicylatesTerpeneschlorhexidinegingival indexlisterineorthodonticsplaque index

Identifiers

PMID42836614
PMCPMC13640973

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.