Observational studyImmunity, inflammation and disease2026
Impact of Liver Metastases on Outcomes With Chemotherapy or Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Pancreatic Cancer.
Observational study in Immunity, inflammation and disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multinational, Randomized, Phase II Study of the Combination of Nab-Paclitaxel and Gemcitabine With or Without Tocilizumab, an IL-6R Inhibitor, as First-line Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer.
A Prospective Randomized, Open-label Phase 2 Study of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition, Nivolumab With or Without Ipilimumab in Combination With Radiation Therapy in Pretreated Patients With Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer or Biliary Tract Cancer.
TRIPPLE-R: Phase 2 Study in Pretreated Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer to Assess Efficacy of Ipilimumab, Nivolumab and Tocilizumab in Combination With Radiation
Nivolumab, Ipilimumab and Radiation in Combination With Influenza Vaccine in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer (INFLUENCE)
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPancreatic cancer (PC) is on the rise worldwide, with significant improvements in survival rates still awaited. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, often with liver metastases (LM), associated with poor prognosis and immunosuppression. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of LM on outcomes in patients with advanced PC treated with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). MATERIAL AND
methodsWe performed post-hoc survival analyses using data from a chemotherapy-based study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02767557) (n = 147) and ICI-based studies (NCT04258150, NCT02866383, and NCT05116917) (n = 129). Patients were stratified based on the presence of LM. Exploratory analyses within the LM subgroup were adjusted for absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs), neutrophile-lymphocyte-ratios (NLRs), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, C-reactive protein, and YKL-40.
resultsIn the chemotherapy cohort, overall survival (OS) was significantly lower in patients with LM (n = 107) (7.0 months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 6.0-8.8) compared to those without LM (n = 40) (12.0 months, 8.7-18.0; log-rank p = 0.002). Progression-free survival (PFS) was similarly reduced in the LM group (5.0 months, 3.6-5.7) versus the non-LM group (7.5 months, 5.4-9.0; p = 0.016). In the ICI cohort, no significant differences in OS were observed between patients with (n = 111) and without LM (n = 18). Adjusted analyses indicated that higher IL-6 and YKL-40 were associated with increased mortality risk in patients receiving chemotherapy. DISCUSSION: LM were associated with significantly shorter OS and PFS in patients with PC receiving chemotherapy. No survival impact of LM was observed in patients treated with ICIs. These findings highlight the need to consider metastatic burden when stratifying treatment outcomes in future studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.