ArticleCHEST critical care2023
Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan for the Pragmatic Trial Examining Oxygenation Prior to Intubation of Preoxygenation With Noninvasive Ventilation vs Oxygen Mask in Critically Ill Adults.
Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in CHEST critical care, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05267652 (Pragmatic Trial Examining Oxygenation Prior to Intubation), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pragmatic Trial Examining Oxygenation Prior to Intubation
Who cites it
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No citing paper in PubMed yet.
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Authors and funding
49 authors.
Kevin W GibbsSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Adit A GindeSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Matthew E PrekkerSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Kevin P SeitzSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Susan B StempekSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Caleb TaylorSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Sheetal GandotraSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Heath WhiteSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Daniel Resnick-AultSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Akram KhanSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Amira MohmedSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Jason C BrainardSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Daniel G FeinSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Neil R AggarwalSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Micah R WhitsonSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Stephen J HallidaySection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
John P GaillardSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Veronika BlinderSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Brian E DriverSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Jessica A PalakshappaSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Bradley D LloydSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Joanne M WozniakSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Matthew C ExlineSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Derek W RussellSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Shekhar GhamandeSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Cori WithersSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Kinsley A HubelSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Ari MoskowitzSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Jill BastmanSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Luke AndreaSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Peter D SottileSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
David B PageSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Micah T LongSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Jordan Kugler GoransonSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Rishi MalhotraSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Brit J LongSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Steven G SchauerSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Andrew ConnorSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Erin AndersonSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Kristin MaestasSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Jillian P RhoadsSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Kelsey WomackSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Brant ImhoffSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
David R JanzSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Stacy A TrentSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Wesley H SelfSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Todd W RiceSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Matthew W SemlerSection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Jonathan D CaseySection on Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunology (K. W. G. and J. A. P.), the Section on Critical Care (J. P. G.,), Department of Anesthesiology, the Department of Emergency Medicine (J. P. G. and J. K. G.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC; the Department of Emergency Medicine (A. A. G., D. R.-A., C. W., J. B., E. A., K. M., and S. A. T.), the Department of Anesthesiology (J. C. B.), the Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine (N. R. A. and P. D. S.), Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; the Department of Emergency Medicine (S. A. T.), Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO; the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (M. E. P.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. E. P. and B. E. D.), Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN, the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (K. P. S., J. P. R., K. W., T. W. R., M. W. S., and J. D. C.), Department of Medicine, the Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Emergency Medicine (B. D. L. and W. H. S.), the Department of Biostatistics (B. I.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (S. B. S. and J. M. W.), Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center, Burlington, MA, Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine (C. T. and M. C. E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine (S. G., M. R. W., D. W. R., D. B. P.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Emergency Medicine (M. R. W.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, the Pulmonary Section (D. W. R.), Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL; the Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine (H. W. and S. G.), Department of Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Medical Center, Temple, the 59th Medical Wing (B. J. L.), United States Air Force, Fort Sam Houston; the United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (S. G. S.), Joint Base San Antonio-Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX; the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine (A. K., K. A. H., and A. C.), Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; the Division of Critical Care Medicine (A. M., V. B., A. M., L. A., and R. M.), the Division of Pulmonary Medicine (D. G. F.), Montefiore Medical Center Bronx, NY; the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine (S. J. H.), Department of Medicine, the Department of Anesthesiology (M. T. L.), University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI; and the University Medical Center New Orleans and the Section of Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine and Allergy/Immunology (D. R. J.), Department of Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA.
Funding
The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4MClinical and Translational Training Program in Pulmonary MedicineT32HL087738 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Lorraine B Ware · 2007 to 2026
$7.0MBag-Mask Ventilation to PreVent Hypoxemia during Tracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department: A Clinical TrialK23HL153584 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI CASEY, JONATHAN DALE · 2020 to 2024
$900kOxygen Saturation Targets during Mechanical Ventilation of Critically Ill Adults: A Clinical TrialK23HL143053 · NHLBI · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SEMLER, MATTHEW WALL · 2018 to 2022
$854kActivated Neutrophilic Exosome as Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in COPDK08HL148514 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI RUSSELL, DEREK · 2020 to 2024
$824kScreening for Cognitive Impairment Following Critical Illness: Designing and Testing an Implementation Program to Support High Risk Older AdultsK23AG073529 · NIA · WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI PALAKSHAPPA, JESSICA ANN · 2021 to 2025
$801kNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NHLBI NIH HHS K08 HL148514NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL143053NHLBI NIH HHS K23 HL153584NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL087738NIA NIH HHS K23 AG073529
Abstract
backgroundHypoxemia is a common and life-threatening complication during emergency tracheal intubation of critically ill adults. The administration of supplemental oxygen before the procedure (ie, preoxygenation) decreases the risk of hypoxemia during intubation. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation prevent hypoxemia during tracheal intubation of critically ill adults compared with preoxygenation with an oxygen mask? STUDY DESIGN AND
methodsThe Pragmatic Trial Examining Oxygenation Prior to Intubation (PREOXI) is a prospective, multicenter, nonmasked randomized comparative effectiveness trial being conducted in seven EDs and 17 ICUs across the United States. The trial compares preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen mask among 1,300 critically ill adults undergoing emergency tracheal intubation. Eligible patients are randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either noninvasive ventilation or an oxygen mask before induction. The primary outcome is the incidence of hypoxemia, defined as a peripheral oxygen saturation of < 85% between induction and 2 min after intubation. The secondary outcome is the lowest oxygen saturation between induction and 2 min after intubation. Enrollment began on March 10, 2022, and is expected to conclude in 2023.
interpretationThe PREOXI investigation will provide important data on the comparative effectiveness of preoxygenation with noninvasive ventilation vs oxygen mask for the prevention of hypoxemia during emergency tracheal intubation. Specifying the protocol and statistical analysis plan before the conclusion of enrollment increases the rigor, reproducibility, and interpretability of the trial. TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT05267652; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Indexed as
critical illnessendotracheal intubationnoninvasive positive-pressure ventilationoxygenrespiratory failure
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Registered trials
NCT05267652ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.