Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42836058›Full record

ArticleCHEST critical care2026

Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Frailty Over 3 Years in Survivors of COVID-19 ARDS vs Pneumonia.

Zain Khan, Ansley E Jones, William M Gardner, Claire F McGroder, Scarlett O Murphy, Christopher Depender, Margarita Mira-Sanchez, Charity O Ogunlusi, Christine K Garcia, Ying Wei and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in CHEST critical care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Zain KhanDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Ansley E JonesDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
William M GardnerDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Claire F McGroderDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Scarlett O MurphyDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Christopher DependerDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Margarita Mira-SanchezDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Charity O OgunlusiDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Christine K GarciaDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Ying WeiDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.
Matthew R BaldwinDepartment of Biostatistics (Z. K. and Y. W.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, and the Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care (A. E. J., W. M. G., C. F. M., S. O. M., C. D., M. M.-S., C. O. O., C. K. G., and M. R. B.), Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY.

Funding

Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001873 · NCATS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI REILLY, MUREDACH P · 2016 to 2025
$99.0M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001873
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInflammation and endothelial dysfunction are associated with increased severity and mortality in COVID-19 ARDS. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Do survivors of COVID-19 ARDS show greater inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and frailty over 3 years compared with survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia? STUDY DESIGN AND

methodsWe conducted a single-center prospective cohort study of 150 adults hospitalized during the first COVID-19 wave: 101 patients (67%) with ARDS and 49 patients (33%) with pneumonia requiring only nasal cannula oxygen. Participants were assessed at 4 months, 15 months, and 3 years for physical function, the frailty phenotype, and 9 circulating endothelial and inflammatory biomarkers. We tested associations of ARDS with biomarkers and physical function at each follow-up and via novel 3-year time-weighted average modeling of biomarker levels and functional measures by calculating the area under the curve divided by the time between follow-up. Analyses were adjusted for demographics and comorbidities and for multiple comparisons among biomarker classes.

resultsIn adjusted analyses, higher growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15 levels at hospital discharge and soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 levels were nominally and significantly associated with ARDS, respectively, and higher soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 levels at 3 years was associated nominally with ARDS. Of the 9 biomarkers, only higher GDF-15 levels were associated with ARDS in 3-year time-weighted analyses. Survivors of ARDS showed greater frailty at 4 months and in 3-year time-weighted average models. Of the 9 biomarkers, only GDF-15 at hospital discharge was associated with both ARDS and frailty.

interpretationOur results show that survivors of COVID-19 ARDS exhibited higher levels of GDF-15 and sICAM-1 at discharge, as well as greater frailty, compared with survivors of COVID-19 pneumonia, but these distinctions largely converged by 15 months and 3 years of follow-up. Of all the biomarkers tested, only GDF-15 at hospital discharge was associated with subsequent frailty. These findings are preliminary and require validation, but suggest that targeting residual inflammation-related cellular stress at discharge could mitigate after COVID-19 ARDS frailty.

Indexed as

ARDSbiomarkersCOVID-19frailtysurvivors

Identifiers

PMID42836058
PMCPMC13637493

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.