Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42835806›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2026

Possible drivers of self-harm severity - relative contributions of post-traumatic stress and levels of personality functioning - results from the Extreme Challenges project.

Elfrida Hartveit Kvarstein, Tuva Langjord, Tone Bovim, Tore Buer Christensen, Ingeborg Ulltveit-Moe Eikenæs, Oddbjørn Hove, Arvid Nikolai Kildahl, Erlend Mork, Kristine Høst Poulsen, Line Indrevoll Stänicke and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Elfrida Hartveit KvarsteinDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Tuva LangjordInstitute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Tone BovimRegional Centre - Violence, Trauma and Suicide Prevention, Oslo, Norway.
Tore Buer ChristensenDepartment of Adult Psychiatry, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.
Ingeborg Ulltveit-Moe EikenæsDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Oddbjørn HoveDepartment of Research and Innovation, Helse Fonna Health Trust, Haugesund, Norway.
Arvid Nikolai KildahlDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Erlend MorkDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Kristine Høst PoulsenPsychiatry East, Central and West Zealand Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark.
Line Indrevoll StänickeInstitute of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Thea SchønningInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Tone TveitDivision of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Fredrik WalbyInstitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Geir PedersenDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Øyvind UrnesDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Self-harm (SH) is common, but its severity varies. Severe cases may involve extensive hospitalization and high suicide risk. Although SH is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), personality disorder (PD), and complex cases of PD-PTSD comorbidity, factors related to SH severity are sparsely researched. Aims: The study aims to investigate how SH severity relates to PTSD symptoms and different domains of personality functioning. The study also aims to explore indirect associations of interpersonal functioning, PTSD symptoms and SH severity. Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional design, the study included outpatients admitted for personality disorder treatment ( Results: More severe PTSD symptoms and poorer self-functioning (self-control and identity integration) were significantly and independently associated with greater SH severity. The association between PTSD symptoms and increasing SH severity was partially mediated by greater impairment of self-control and identity integration. Interpersonal domains were not associated with SH severity. Conclusion: This study highlights post-traumatic stress and personality problems as common clusters of symptoms among patients with increasingly severe SH. Further exploration indicated personality functioning self-domains as potential drivers of the association between post-traumatic symptoms and SH severity. Results support integrated, individualized treatment addressing SH in light of both trauma burden and personality functioning.

Indexed as

personality disorderpersonality functioningpost-traumatic stress disorderself-harmself-harm severity

Identifiers

PMID42835806
PMCPMC13635847

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.