ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Thirty-five years of evolving inflammatory paradigms in sepsis (1991-2025): a comprehensive mapping of immune dysregulation research, anti-inflammatory targets, and translational barriers.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Sepsis represents a life-threatening dysregulation of the host inflammatory response, progressing from innate immune hyperactivation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release to a secondary immunosuppressive phase. Although the diagnostic framework has evolved from systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-based criteria to the organ dysfunction-centric Sepsis-3 definition, the longitudinal evolution of inflammatory research paradigms, emerging anti-inflammatory targets, and barriers limiting clinical translation has not been systematically characterized. Methods: Peer-reviewed publications (n=106,884; 1991-2025) were retrieved from PubMed and the Web of Science Core Collection. A temporally stratified computational framework analyzed publication dynamics, keyword co-occurrence, citation bursts, and thematic evolution across sequential diagnostic epochs. Co-cited references were graded by Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) criteria to evaluate evidence maturation and translational readiness. Results: Annual publications grew from 974 (1991) to 8,492 (2025; Conclusions: This comprehensive mapping reveals a fundamental transition in global sepsis research, from broad cytokine suppression toward precision immunomodulation of specific immune dysregulation mechanisms, while highlighting persistent challenges in translating emerging discoveries into clinical practice. Future research should prioritize mechanistically targeted interventions and equitable implementation of anti-inflammatory strategies across diverse healthcare settings.
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