ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Psychometric properties of the Italian Place Standard Tool for Children: validation in primary school children within the PNC Clima national programme.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The Place Standard Tool Children's Version (PST-C) lets children evaluate the quality of places where they live. Developed in Scotland and adapted in over a dozen countries, it had no validated Italian version. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Italian PST-C within a case study of the national research programme PNC E.1 "Salute, Ambiente, Biodiversità e Clima" (PNC Clima). Methods: A sample of 131 children attending the last 2 years of primary school and the first 2 years of middle school (69 boys, 62 girls, aged 9 to 12 years) completed the 14-item instrument on a three-point ordinal scale. Psychometric evaluation included floor and ceiling effects, internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω), structural validity from polychoric correlations, item functioning under Samejima's graded response model, known-groups validity. Translation equivalence was evaluated using both conventional expert review procedures and multilingual sentence embeddings. Results: Internal consistency was good: α = 0.83 (95% CI [0.77, 0.87]) and ω = 0.86 (95% CI [0.82, 0.89]). Parallel analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.904, RMSEA = 0.058) supported a unidimensional structure, with all polychoric loadings ≥ 0.42. Semantic equivalence between versions was high (mean cosine similarity = 0.86). Two findings warrant caution: all items showed ceiling effects above the 15% threshold, and no known-group differences survived correction for multiple testing. Conclusion: Combining COSMIN-based validation, item response theory and AI-based semantic equivalence, the Italian PST-C provides a reliable measure of perceived place quality in children. Future studies should evaluate an expanded response scale and confirm these findings in larger, more diverse populations.
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