Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42835101›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in rehabilitation sciences2026

Quick fabrication of 3D-printed prosthetic sockets with embedded sensors to track limb motion.

Joan E Sanders, Amy P Culter, Mathew J Weissinger, Paul Fallon, Joseph C Mertens, Katheryn J Allyn, Benjamin N Sanders, Joseph L Garbini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Joan E SandersDepartment of Bioengineering, Sanders' Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Amy P CulterDepartment of Bioengineering, Sanders' Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Mathew J WeissingerDepartment of Bioengineering, Sanders' Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Paul FallonDepartment of Bioengineering, Sanders' Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Joseph C MertensDepartment of Bioengineering, Sanders' Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Katheryn J AllynDepartment of Bioengineering, Sanders' Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Benjamin N SandersDepartment of Bioengineering, Sanders' Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Joseph L GarbiniDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.

Funding

An automatically-adjusting prosthetic socket for people with transtibial amputationR01HD103815 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Joan E. Sanders · 2022 to 2026
$3.2M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD103815
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: A simple time-efficient method to fabricate prosthetic sockets with embedded sensors to track limb motion may facilitate the clinical application of continuously collected quantitative data in prosthetics practice. Methods: A 3D-printed inner structure of the socket shape with debosses on the outside surface to hold sensors was fabricated, the sensors were affixed in place, and the socket was laminated and trimmed. Results: The time to fabricate an embedded sensor socket was 12% less than that required to fabricate a traditional carbon-fiber socket with sensors. The investigational sockets increased in volume slightly, <0.2%, over the course of 4 weeks of take-home use, likely because of compression of the inner structure material during ambulation. Sockets with a vapor-smoothed finish had a significantly lower coefficient of friction (COF) with the liner fabric backing than sockets with a normal surface finish ( Discussion: The speed, quality, and durability of the investigational sockets warrant clinical studies to determine which quantitative limb motion metrics (e.g., pistoning, volume, anterior distal motion) help prosthetists meaningfully enhance their patient care.

Indexed as

3D printingactivity trackingamputeeCAD/CAMgait analysislimb healthpatient awarenessprosthesis

Identifiers

PMID42835101
PMCPMC13635302

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.