SynthesisFrontiers in aging neuroscience2026
Effects of multicomponent exercise on global cognitive function, executive function, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate the effects of multicomponent exercise on global cognitive function, executive function, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in older adults with mild cognitive impairment using a three-level meta-analysis. Methods: Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCOhost, PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang, and Weipu were systematically searched from inception to September 15, 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining multicomponent exercise interventions in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE system. Meta-analysis was conducted using a three-level random-effects model in R software, and publication bias was examined. Effect sizes were estimated using Hedges' Results: A total of 10 RCTs comprising 623 older adults with MCI from community settings, hospitals, and nursing homes were included. The interventions consisted primarily of multicomponent exercise at moderate intensity, with session durations of 30-90 min, frequencies of 2-5 sessions per week, and intervention periods of 8-48 weeks. Control groups received usual care or health education. Most studies reported no exercise-related adverse events. The mean PEDro score of the included studies was 6.0. The three-level meta-analysis revealed that multicomponent exercise significantly improved global cognitive function ( Discussion: The overall methodological quality of the included studies was moderate; however, most studies did not implement allocation concealment or fully report blinding procedures, indicating a certain risk of bias. Tests for publication bias did not indicate significant bias. GRADE assessment showed that the quality of evidence was low for global cognitive function and moderate for executive function. Multicomponent exercise exerts positive effects on global cognitive function and executive function in older adults with MCI, whereas its effects on BDNF remain inconclusive. Future studies with more rigorous designs and adequate sample sizes are warranted to promote the personalized application of multicomponent exercise in the MCI population. Systematic review registration: This study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD420251164302; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/).
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