ArticleFrontiers in plant science2026
Fertilizer placement modulates the effects of soil metabolite formulations on nutrient status, phenylpropanoid-flavonoid metabolism, and sensory quality in flue-cured tobacco.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The quality of flue-cured tobacco depends on nutrient acquisition, carbon-nitrogen allocation, and quality-related secondary metabolism, particularly phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. However, whether fertilizer placement and exogenous soil metabolite formulations can jointly improve leaf nutritional physiology and cured-leaf quality remains unclear. Methods: A field experiment was conducted with the flue-cured tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 ( Results: Compared with conventional strip application (CK1), well-cellar application (CK2) increased leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents by 4.45%, 7.57%, and 6.89%, respectively, with significant increases in nitrogen and potassium. Relative to CK2, A3 (well-cellar application with soil metabolite formulation 1) and A4 (well-cellar application with soil metabolite formulation 2) increased PPO activity by 29.49% and 28.16%, respectively, and PAL activity by 81.08% and 73.91%, respectively, whereas SPS activity showed only a non-significant upward trend. A3, which combined well-cellar application with soil metabolite formulation 1, showed the best overall sensory profile, with improved aroma quality, reduced irritancy and off-odors, and greater smoke softness. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that treatment-responsive genes and metabolites were mainly associated with plant hormone signaling, photosynthesis, sugar and amino acid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis. Integrated omics analysis revealed treatment-dependent changes in phenylpropanoid-flavonoid metabolism. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified a darkgreen module containing 4,363 genes that was significantly correlated with several flavonoid-related metabolites, including quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, and 5,7-dihydroxyflavanone ( Conclusion: Well-cellar application combined with soil metabolite formulation 1 may improve nitrogen and potassium status in mature leaves and coordinate phenylpropanoid-flavonoid metabolism and quality-precursor accumulation, thereby enhancing the overall sensory quality of cured leaves. These findings highlight fertilizer placement as an important determinant of soil metabolite formulation performance and provide a theoretical basis for precision rhizosphere fertilization and the rational use of soil metabolite formulations in flue-cured tobacco production.
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