Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42834919›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2026

Hidden burden of pneumococcal colonization in adults with viral respiratory infections: the role of influenza and RSV.

Rocío España-Bonilla, Sara Calvo-Silveria, Aida González-Díaz, Júlia Guevara-Figueras, Lucía Fernández-Delgado, Catalina Medina-Gómez, Laura Calatayud, Jordi Niubó, Mercè Gasa, Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso and 4 more

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Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Rocío España-BonillaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Sara Calvo-SilveriaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Aida González-DíazDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Júlia Guevara-FiguerasBiostatistics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Lucía Fernández-DelgadoDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Catalina Medina-GómezDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Laura CalatayudDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Jordi NiubóDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Mercè GasaRespiratory Department, Bellvitge Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Gabriela Abelenda-AlonsoDepartment of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
M Ángeles DomínguezDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Judith PeñafielBiostatistics Unit, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Carmen ArdanuyDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
Jordi CàmaraDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, Bellvitge University Hospital -IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Although pneumococcal colonization is uncommon in adults, it may increase during respiratory viral infections. We investigated the frequency of pneumococcal colonization, associated factors, and serotype distribution in adults with confirmed respiratory viral infection. Methods: We prospectively included adults presenting to the Emergency Department of Bellvitge University Hospital with influenza A virus (IAV), SARS-CoV-2, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, as well as 33 virus-negative controls (December 2023-January 2024). Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for Results: A total of 616 episodes were studied (IAV, n=391; SARS-CoV-2, n=162; RSV, n=28; >1 virus, n=35). Pneumococcal colonization was detected in 85 individuals, with the highest prevalence among IAV-infected patients (14.8%), followed by RSV (10.7%) and SARS-CoV-2 (9.3%). Individuals with viral infection showed higher pneumococcal loads (median lytA C Conclusions: Pneumococcal colonization was more frequent during IAV or RSV than SARS-CoV-2 infection. In older adults, RSV infection showed a particularly strong association, highlighting potential implications for pneumococcal and RSV vaccination strategies.

Indexed as

Influenza, HumanPneumococcal InfectionsRespiratory Syncytial Virus InfectionsRespiratory Tract InfectionsStreptococcus pneumoniaeAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCoinfectionFemaleHumansInfluenza A virusMaleMiddle AgedNasopharynxPrevalencecolonizationIAV infectionpneumococcal vaccinesStreptococcus pneumoniaeviral infection

Identifiers

PMID42834919
PMCPMC13634830

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.