ArticleCost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E2026
Cost-effectiveness of early empagliflozin initiation after acute myocardial infarction: a German statutory health insurance perspective.
Article in Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectiveEmpagliflozin reduced heart failure (HF) hospitalizations after acute myocardial infarction (MI) in EMPACT-MI without a mortality benefit. We assessed whether HF morbidity prevention generates long-term economic value from the German statutory health insurance perspective.
methodsWe developed a monthly cohort Markov model over a lifetime horizon comparing early empagliflozin plus standard care with standard care in post-MI patients at increased HF risk. The base case applied the EMPACT-MI hazard ratio of 0.77 for first HF hospitalization, assumed no direct mortality benefit, and modelled 24 months of treatment. Costs were in 2026 euros. The primary analysis covered 17.9 months; exploratory lifetime outcomes included quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs).
resultsEarly empagliflozin gained 0.0315 QALYs at €1,418 incremental cost (ICER €45,100/QALY) and avoided 52.0 lifetime HF hospitalizations per 1000 patients. The probability of cost-effectiveness was 16.2%, 55.2%, and 79.7% at €30,000, €50,000, and €80,000/QALY, respectively. Price reductions of 25% and 50% lowered the ICER to €32,300/QALY and €19,500/QALY. The maximum annual price compatible with €30,000/QALY was €607. Results were most sensitive to the HF hospitalization effect, drug price, and baseline HF risk. A trial-anchored analysis using the EMPACT-MI placebo event and mortality rates yielded a similar ICER (€47,200/QALY).
conclusionsEarly empagliflozin generated modest projected QALY gains, predominantly through modelled indirect survival gains, at higher lifetime costs.Economic value was conditional, depending on willingness-to-pay, net price, and absolute HF risk, with the most favorable profile at lower net prices and in HF-risk-enriched patients.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.