Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42834080›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2026

Contract incentives and behaviours of medical consultants in Ireland.

Xidong Guo, Eóin T Flaherty, Huihui Li, Jiming Zhu

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Nature human behaviour, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Xidong GuoVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7479-3945
Eóin T FlahertyGeary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. eoin.flaherty1@ucd.ie.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-5121
Huihui LiDepartment of Economics and Finance, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1964-8160
Jiming ZhuVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. jzhu.acad@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3545-1525

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In publicly funded healthcare systems that also allow private hospital treatment, there is often a concern that consultants might prioritize private patients. Here we examine how a 2014 reform in Ireland, which allowed public hospitals to accommodate private patients in public wards, affected consultant behaviours and patient outcomes. Using nationwide inpatient discharge data from 2009 to 2015 (2.3 million observations) and applying Little's Law with a difference-in-differences method, we find no evidence that the share of private patients increased. We attribute this pattern to contracts requiring consultants to treat an additional three or four public patients for each treated private patient. The reform incentivized consultants to treat more public patients by shortening the lengths of stay for both public and private patients. However, such efficiency gains may come at the expense of care quality for public patients.

Identifiers

PMID42834080

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.