ArticleClinical oral investigations2026
Biofluid based biochemical and clinicopathological profiling for the detection and stratification of oral potentially malignant disorders.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo assess the clinical applicability of Raman spectroscopy using serum and saliva for the identification and stratification of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and to differentiate Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Submucous Fibrosis from tobacco habit controls. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis case control study was conducted on 60 patients divided into three groups: leukoplakia (L), Oral submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), and tobacco controls (TC). Serum and saliva samples were collected and analyzed using a confocal Raman spectroscope. Multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was performed to generate classification models.
resultsSpectral variations were observed among the groups in both serum and saliva, particularly in protein, lipid, nucleic acid related bands. Serum-based models demonstrated higher classification accuracy (~ 87.5%) compared to saliva (~ 80%) in 2-Class analyses. Combined 3-Class models showed accuracies of 70% and 60% in serum and saliva respectively. Class-specific sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for the three-class serum and saliva models are reported.
conclusionIn this exploratory case-control study, Raman spectroscopy of serum and saliva distinguished tobacco controls from patients with Oral Leukoplakia or OSMF with moderate-to-good classification accuracy, and serum-based models outperformed saliva-based models. These preliminary findings suggest that RS warrants further investigation as a minimally invasive adjunct for classification of OPMDs; validation in larger, prospective, multicentre cohorts with longitudinal follow-up is required before any early-detection or screening role can be established. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Raman spectroscopy-based classification might eventually support risk-based triage for biopsy in high-burden settings. The present cross-sectional case-control design demonstrates group discrimination only, and does not by itself establish a screening, early-detection, or longitudinal-monitoring role.
Indexed as
Identifiers
42832091What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.