ArticlePhysiological reports2026
Characterizing short-term linear and nonlinear heart rate variability in typically developing children and adolescents.
Article in Physiological reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Linear heart rate variability (HRV) quantifies heart rate (HR) changes due to stochastic processes while nonlinear HRV captures the complexity of the HR structure. Although linear HRV in childhood and adolescence has been explored, little is known about nonlinear HRV. The present study characterized short-term linear and nonlinear HRV in typically-developing children (7-12 years, n = 35) and adolescents (13-17 years, n = 29). HRV during quiet rest was assessed using a three-lead electrocardiogram for 5-min and analyzed using linear (time and frequency domain) and nonlinear (Poincáre analysis, approximate [ApEn] and sample entropy [Sampen], and detrended fluctuation analysis [DFA]) metrics. A greater mean RR time-interval was observed in adolescents (p = 0.007). Time-domain HRV was not different between children and adolescents, although sex differences were observed, such that females had lower linear HRV (p < 0.05,
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