ArticleOral and maxillofacial surgery2026
Topical red algal-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles infused in gel as a therapeutic strategy for oral mucositis wound healing.
Article in Oral and maxillofacial surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOral mucositis is a debilitating inflammatory condition requiring effective topical formulations with antimicrobial and wound healing properties. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate Gracilaria foliifera-mediated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) incorporated into a sodium alginate gel for potential oral mucosal applications.
methodsThe formulated ZnO-NPs-infused gel was characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, and X-ray diffraction. Physical stability was assessed based on appearance, pH, texture, and phase separation. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm activities were evaluated in vitro. Drug-release behavior and cytotoxicity were also investigated.
resultsUV-visible spectroscopy showed absorption peaks at 321 and 320 nm at 0 and 24 h, respectively, indicating good nanoparticle stability within the gel matrix. SEM revealed irregularly shaped ZnO-NPs with an average size of 166 nm. EDX confirmed Zn (41.48%), O (19.7%), and C (38.7%), while X-ray diffraction showed 64.9% crystallinity. The formulation exhibited 74.3% radical-scavenging activity at 100 µg/mL and 64.07% inhibition of albumin denaturation at 400 µg/mL. It demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans and reduced S. mutans biofilm formation. Approximately 50% of the loaded ZnO-NPs were released within 12 h, while cytotoxicity assessment indicated good in vitro biocompatibility at 5-75 µg/mL.
conclusionThe ZnO-NPs-infused sodium alginate gel exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antibiofilm properties in vitro, supporting further investigation for oral mucosal applications. However, mucosal safety and therapeutic efficacy remain to be established through in vivo studies.
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