ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026
Engineering Spatially Localized Bioactive Microenvironments in Assembly Implants for Spatially Extended Bone Ingrowth.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
The repair of large segmental bone defects requires implants that combine structural stabilization with biological regulation. Here, we developed a bioadaptive modular implant integrating porous titanium (Ti) alloy for structural reinforcement with spatially localized β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) modules for bioactive regulation. Using a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-based diffusion-confined model, we identified spatial differences in β-TCP-associated calcium distribution and corresponding position-dependent changes in hBMSC proliferation, adhesion, osteogenic differentiation, and Wnt/β-catenin-related signaling. The proximal region showing the strongest biological responses was used as a model-derived spatial reference for organizing β-TCP-containing modules. In a rabbit femoral segmental defect model, the Ti alloy/β-TCP assembly implant showed greater bone formation and ingrowth than porous Ti alloy controls. Histology further revealed that newly formed bone was preferentially associated with β-TCP-containing regions and extended into adjacent porous Ti structures. These findings demonstrate a proof-of-concept for translating experimentally characterized spatial biological responses into the spatial organization of structural and bioactive implant components.
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