ArticleAdvances in medical education and practice2026
Integrating the History of Neurosurgery into Clinical Teaching: A Historically Controlled Study of Knowledge Acquisition and Student Perceptions.
Article in Advances in medical education and practice, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Purpose: To examine whether integrating the history of neurosurgery into standard clinical teaching is associated with improved performance on a knowledge assessment and more favorable student perceptions of the educational experience, compared with conventional clinical teaching without dedicated historical content. Methods: We conducted a non-randomized, historically controlled study of clinical medical students completing a neurosurgery rotation at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College between September 2023 and July 2025. Students who completed training before June 2024 (control group, n = 37) received standard clinical teaching; those who completed training after July 2024 (research group, n = 44) received the same curriculum enriched with integrated neurosurgical history content. Outcomes were assessed using a purpose-designed knowledge test and a locally developed questionnaire measuring students' self-reported perceptions across seven educational domains. Results: Eighty-one valid assessments were analyzed. The research group achieved significantly higher composite knowledge scores (85.68 ± 1.890 vs 65.57 ± 2.754; mean difference 20.11 [95% CI: 19.04, 21.18]; t=37.60, P<0.001; Cohen's d=8.66), neurosurgical knowledge scores (93.86 ± 2.299 vs 80.86 ± 2.689; mean difference 13.00 [95% CI: 11.88, 14.12]; t=23.14, P<0.001; Cohen's d=5.23), and medical history knowledge scores (77.50 ± 3.084 vs 50.27 ± 4.765; mean difference 27.23 [95% CI: 25.41, 29.05]; t=29.89, P<0.001; Cohen's d=6.91). Across all seven questionnaire domains, significantly higher proportions of research group students reported perceived educational benefit (all unadjusted P<0.05; four of seven comparisons remained significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted threshold of P<0.0071). Conclusion: This historically controlled study provides preliminary evidence that integrating the history of neurosurgery into clinical teaching may be associated with improved knowledge-test performance and more favorable student perceptions. These findings are hypothesis-generating and require confirmation through prospective, randomized, multicenter studies.
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