Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42829363›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026

The effects of chronic beetroot juice supplementation with resistance training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial and redox markers in middle-aged and older adults.

Breanna J Mueller, Mason C McIntosh, Dakota R Tiede, Derick A Anglin, George J Kontos, Dustyn T Lewis, Michael D Goodlett, Andrew D Frugé, Christopher B Mobley, Robert L Judd and 3 more

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Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Breanna J MuellerSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Mason C McIntoshSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Dakota R TiedeSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Derick A AnglinSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
George J KontosSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Dustyn T LewisSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Michael D GoodlettAthletics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Andrew D FrugéSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Christopher B MobleySchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Robert L JuddDepartment of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Darren T BeckSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
Michael D RobertsSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. mdr0024@auburn.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7359-5362
Andreas N KavazisSchool of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. ank0012@auburn.edu.

Funding

Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine REAP
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAcute nitrate-rich beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation has been shown to improve aspects of endurance exercise performance. These effects may, in part, be due to nitric oxide-mediated effects on skeletal muscle contractility and mitochondrial function. However, no studies have investigated the effects of chronic BRJ supplementation with resistance training (RT) on molecular markers of mitochondrial adaptation and redox state within the skeletal muscle of older adults. Likewise, whether supplementation affects functional outcomes in this population is unresolved.

methodsIn the current study, 27 older adults (56 ± 7 years old, 85.9 ± 20.6 kg, 36.1 ± 8.3% body fat) were block-randomized to consume either a nitrate-depleted (Placebo) or nitrate-rich (~ 13 mmol) BRJ daily and complete 12 weeks of supervised total body RT (2 days per week). Vastus lateralis (VL) biopsies and measurements of leg extensor peak force, strength-endurance, and fatigue were obtained prior to training and ~72 h following the last training bout.

resultsIn all participants, RT increased VL citrate synthase activity (i.e., mitochondrial content), certain proteins indicative of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and most leg extensor performance variables. However, BRJ supplementation did not confer additional benefits with any of the outcomes.

conclusionsRT in middle-aged and older adults dynamically alters muscle mitochondrial markers and knee extensor performance variables, albeit increased dietary BRJ consumption does not confer additional benefits.

Indexed as

MitochondriaNitrate supplementationOlder adultsRedox stateResistance trainingSkeletal muscle

Identifiers

PMID42829363

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.