SynthesisScandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports2026
Dietary Carbohydrate Intake and Skeletal Muscle Glycogen: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis to Determine Optimal Carbohydrate Loading Strategies.
Synthesis in Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
A high dietary carbohydrate intake in the days pre-competition is recommended to optimize glycogen stores for endurance exercise performance. However, previous reports show high variability in muscle glycogen concentrations between individuals following similar CHO intakes. Therefore, the amount of CHO, duration, and amount of exercise required to maximize glycogen stores pre-competition remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between dietary CHO availability and skeletal muscle glycogen, whilst identifying the effect of other covariates on muscle glycogen concentration. The analysis included trials (randomized or non-randomized from five online databases) published until June 2026, that reported CHO intake and exercise for ≥ 24 h prior to collection of muscle samples using biopsies to measure skeletal muscle glycogen. Included studies were assessed descriptively and quantitatively using linear and non-linear regression, and generic inverse-variance random-effects meta-analyses, including subgroups to investigate heterogeneity. Descriptive synthesis included 63 trials (n = 641 participants), 18 were included within the meta-analysis. Exploratory linear regression indicated a significant relationship between relative CHO intake and whole muscle glycogen for recreationally active (r
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