ReviewMedComm2026
Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Clinical Features, Screening, Diagnosis, and Management.
Review in MedComm, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality worldwide and is increasingly characterized by two converging realities: a substantial global burden and a rising incidence of early-onset CRC. This review synthesizes current advances in CRC epidemiology, risk factors, signaling biology, clinical presentation, screening, diagnosis, and management across the care continuum. We frame CRC as a systems-level disease in which genomic instability, epigenetic dysregulation, metabolic remodeling, tumor microenvironmental evolution, and gut microbiota interactions converge on interconnected pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, TGF-β, and immune-regulatory networks. We distinguish established standards of care from recent practice-changing developments and investigational strategies. Within this framework, we discuss blood-based screening, AI-assisted endoscopy, ctDNA-informed residual disease assessment, biomarker-defined molecular workup, immunotherapy strategies for dMMR disease, and targeted approaches for KRAS G12C-mutated, BRAF V600E-mutated, and HER2-positive metastatic CRC. Despite substantial progress, major challenges remain, including limited immunotherapy benefit in microsatellite-stable CRC, unequal access to high-quality screening and molecular testing, and uncertainty regarding implementation of newer biomarkers across diverse populations. An integrated framework linking population risk, tumor ecology, evidence-based biomarker use, and equitable precision care is essential for the next phase of CRC prevention and management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.