ArticleZooKeys2026
Construction of a COI DNA barcode reference library for non-volant terrestrial mammals of Taiwan, with notes on the effects of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) on molecular identification.
Article in ZooKeys, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
DNA barcoding using mitochondrial COI is widely applied for animal species identification, but its accuracy in mammals can be affected by uneven sampling, sequence artefacts, and nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts). In this study, we established a voucher-linked COI DNA barcode reference library for non-volant terrestrial mammals of Taiwan and evaluated its identification performance and potential limitations using the BOLD workbench, Barcode Index Number (BIN) assignments, barcode gap analyses, and comparisons with public sequence data. A total of 157 newly generated COI sequences were obtained, representing seven orders, 16 families, 37 genera and 48 species. Among the 48 sampled taxa, 15 (31.25%) had no COI barcode record available in BOLD before this study; therefore, the deposition of the present library increasing BOLD coverage for the sampled taxa from 68.8% to 100%. In the original BOLD project dataset, 145 of the 157 sequences were assigned to 49 BINs. To evaluate whether the observed barcode patterns were robust for broader sampling, 75 public Taiwanese mammalian COI sequences were incorporated into an expanded Taiwan dataset of 232 sequences. Barcode-gap and Neighbor-Joining analyses showed that 45 of the 48 taxa retained positive barcode gaps after public sequences were added, supporting the utility of COI barcodes for identifying most non-volant terrestrial mammals in Taiwan. Three taxa,
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