ReviewFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as programmable biomaterial platforms for liver fibrosis: design principles, manufacturing and clinical translation.
Review in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Liver fibrosis remains a major unmet clinical challenge characterized by persistent activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), chronic inflammatory remodeling, and impaired hepatocyte regeneration. Although mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) have emerged as promising cell-free therapeutics, native EVs are limited by insufficient target specificity, rapid systemic clearance, heterogeneous cargo composition, and poorly defined dose-response relationships, thereby constraining their translational potential. Recent advances in bioengineering have redefined MSC-EVs as programmable nanobiomaterial platforms rather than passive biological byproducts. Through multilevel engineering, including parent cell modification, cargo modulation, surface functionalization, and biomaterial-assisted delivery, MSC-EVs can be rationally designed to modulate key fibrogenic pathways, reprogram immune microenvironments, restore extracellular matrix homeostasis, and enhance hepatocyte regeneration. Concurrently, innovations in scalable three-dimensional bioprocessing, good manufacturing practice-compatible purification, and mechanism-linked potency assays are accelerating the transition of engineered EVs toward clinically viable products. This review integrates pathophysiological targeting with multilevel engineering strategies, with particular emphasis on nano-bio interface design, quality-by-design manufacturing, critical quality attribute definition, and key translational considerations, including dosing, safety, and regulatory frameworks. By positioning engineered MSC-EVs as precision biomaterial systems with controllable composition, programmable functionality, and tunable pharmacokinetics, we propose a rational design paradigm that bridges biological efficacy with scalable manufacturing and regulatory readiness. Collectively, such engineering integration is poised to transform EV-based antifibrotic therapy from experimental promise into clinically actionable intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.