ArticleCureus2026
Correlation Between Demographic Attributes and Awareness Levels for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo reduce breast cancer incidence in Saudi Arabia, research, education, and public health measures should prioritize early detection. This study aimed to assess breast cancer symptoms and early-detection awareness among women aged ≥35 years recruited in Jeddah and to examine its association with age, educational attainment, marital status, and employment status. METHODOLOGY: This descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from June 1, 2024, to May 30, 2025. Local female residents of Jeddah were conveniently selected as contributors. Females who resided in Jeddah for at least six months were included in the study. Participants with suspected or confirmed breast cancer and those who did not meet the three main inclusion criteria (female, age 35 or older, and Jeddah residency for six months) were excluded. A purpose-designed questionnaire was developed, validated, and subsequently used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed using the software of IBM SPSS Statistics Version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 369 valid responses were included in the final analysis.
resultsThe analysis showed a major gap in early breast cancer detection awareness, with 255 (69.1%) of our respondents scoring poorly. Possession of a college degree or higher education was found to correlate significantly with moderate awareness levels (P-value = 0.004, adjusted odds ratio = 2.55 at a confidence interval of 95%, upper boundary = 4.86, lower boundary = 1.34, the coefficient B/standard error ratio = 2.80), while stable marriage showed a significant correlation with high awareness levels (P-value = 0.03, adjusted odds ratio = 3.3 at a confidence interval of 95%, upper boundary = 9.72, lower boundary = 1.125, the coefficient B/standard error ratio = 2.17). Awareness was not statistically determined by age group or employment status.
conclusionAwareness of breast cancer symptoms and early detection procedures is inadequate among female residents of Jeddah. Awareness of breast cancer symptoms in this cohort positively correlated with higher educational attainment and stable marital status. No statistically significant correlation was found between age group or employment status and the level of awareness of breast cancer symptoms. Early detection of breast cancer in Jeddah should prioritize age-susceptible women with low education. It is recommended that future investigations evaluate these demographic characteristics in confirmed Saudi breast cancer patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.