ArticleFrontiers in immunology2026
Ozoralizumab, a trivalent anti-TNFα NANOBODY
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid factor (RF), an autoantibody targeting IgG, is a key diagnostic marker of autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In patients with RA, high RF titers have been reported to be associated with disease severity and may influence the pharmacological behavior and clinical response of certain biologic agents, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. TNF inhibitors are widely used biologic agents in RA treatment and include two structure types: the fragment crystallizable (Fc)-containing protein (e.g. IgG) and the Fc-free protein. Clinical studies have suggested that in RA patients with high RF titers, sufficient circulating drug concentrations are more likely to be maintained with Fc-free TNF inhibitors than with Fc-containing TNF inhibitors. To clarify the mechanisms underlying this clinical observation, we investigated whether RF differentially alters FcRn-dependent recycling and macrophage uptake of the Fc-containing antibody adalimumab and the Fc-free, human serum albumin (HSA)-binding NANOBODY
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