ArticleIBRO neuroscience reports2026
Transient functional preservation precedes retinal ganglion cell degeneration following optic nerve crush.
Article in IBRO neuroscience reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Aims: Optic nerve crush (ONC) induces progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration; however, the temporal relationship between functional impairment and structural loss remains incompletely understood. This study investigated early changes in retinal function and subtype-specific RGC responses following ONC to determine whether retinal activity is preserved before substantial RGC degeneration. Methods: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ONC and were examined at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after injury. Retinal function was assessed using electroretinography (ERG), photopic negative response (PhNR), and multi-electrode array (MEA) recordings. RGC survival was quantified by Fluoro-Gold labeling, while microglial activation and oxidative stress-related markers were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results: RGC survival remained largely preserved during the first 3 days following ONC but declined markedly at days 7 and 14. MEA recordings showed relative preservation of light-evoked responses at day 3, followed by progressive reductions in responsiveness and spontaneous firing at later stages. PhNR amplitudes showed a similar trend, although the changes did not reach statistical significance. Subtype analysis revealed differential vulnerability, with ONOFF-RGCs exhibiting greater reductions in proportion and functional responses, whereas ON-RGCs accounted for an increasing proportion of surviving cells over time. Microglial activation increased during the degenerative phase, while the oxidative damage marker 8-OHG immunoreactivity appeared elevated early after injury. No obvious changes were detected in NQO-1 or SOD-2 expression. Conclusions: Retinal function remained relatively preserved during the first 3 days following ONC despite ongoing injury and before substantial RGC loss occurred. ONOFF-RGCs exhibited greater vulnerability than other functional subtypes. These findings identify an early post-injury period preceding substantial RGC degeneration and provide insight into the temporal dynamics of RGC dysfunction following optic nerve injury.
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