SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026
Application of type 2 inflammation-related biomarkers in risk prediction models for acute exacerbations in adult asthma: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To systematically evaluate how type 2 (T2) inflammation-related biomarkers are incorporated into multivariable models that predict future acute exacerbations in adults with asthma, and to appraise model performance, validation, calibration, risk of bias, and clinical applicability. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched from inception to May 2026, followed by a supplementary PubMed update through 31 July 2026. Eligible reports contained at least one adult cohort used to develop, validate, or update a longitudinal multivariable model for a future exacerbation outcome, incorporated at least one T2-related biomarker, and reported model performance or validation. Mixed-age cohorts were not counted as independent adult evidence; only performance evaluated in an adult cohort contributed to the main synthesis. Association-only studies, current-attack classification models, post-exacerbation disposition models, and post-index relapse models outside the prespecified baseline-risk setting were excluded. Data extraction followed CHARMS, and risk of bias and applicability were assessed using PROBAST. Results: Eight reports published from 2021 to 2026 were included. Eligible adult cohorts ranged from 540 to 1,331,934 participants; one report also included a mixed-age randomized-trial comparator ( Conclusion: T2-related biomarkers may add complementary information to adult asthma exacerbation-risk models, but the available evidence does not yet establish BEC, FeNO, or IgE as independently sufficient predictors or support routine implementation of an existing model. Future studies should quantify incremental biomarker value beyond established clinical predictors and prioritize adequate sample size, external validation, calibration, clinical utility, transparent handling of missing biomarker data, and reproducible model presentation. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, PROSPERO CRD420261415469.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.