Single-cell RNA sequencing unravels mosquito biology and host-pathogen interactions.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is fundamentally reshaping the research paradigm of mosquito biology and host-pathogen interactions via its high-resolution transcriptomic profiling capability. This review first outlines the technical workflow and data analysis strategies of scRNA-seq, then highlights key applications of scRNA-seq in constructing mosquito cell atlases, deciphering post-blood-meal transcriptional remodeling, sexual dimorphism, and receptor coexpression patterns. Furthermore, the role of scRNA-seq in revealing the cellular tropism of mosquito-borne pathogens, host immune responses, and the identification of potential intervention targets is discussed. Despite current challenges such as the lack of specific cell markers and insufficient functional validation, scRNA-seq has provided a novel perspective for understanding mosquito biology at the single-cell level and laid an important foundation for developing targeted vector control strategies. Looking forward, integration with spatial transcriptomics, multiomics approaches, and dynamic experimental validation will further advance this field toward mechanistic research and translational applications.