ArticleMedicine2026
Genetically predicted dietary diversity protects against renal failure while extreme carbohydrate restriction increases the risk in a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The causal relationship between strict dietary patterns and nonspecific renal failure (RF) remains a subject of intense clinical debate. Epidemiological observations are frequently confounded by post-diagnostic health-seeking behaviors and metabolic comorbidities. This study aimed to investigate the genetically predicted causal impacts of both dietary diversity (unrestricted eating) and specific carbohydrate-restricted diets (avoidance of sugar and wheat) on the risk of RF. Summary-level genome-wide association study data were leveraged. We first conducted univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the overall causal effect of a comprehensive dietary pattern ("Eat all" encompassing eggs, dairy, wheat, and sugar). Subsequently, multivariable MR was employed to disentangle the independent effects of individual dietary exclusions, mutually adjusting for genetic liabilities of overlapping eating habits. Instrument strength was verified using F-statistics. MR results were expressed as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. In univariable MR, a genetically predicted balanced dietary pattern ("Eat all") demonstrated a profound, highly significant causal protective effect against RF (Inverse variance-weighted: Beta = -2.064, standard error (SE) = 0.615, P = .00079) (odds ratios = 0.1269; 95% confidence intervals: 0.038-0.424). Conversely, in the multivariable MR model conditioning on overlapping dietary avoidances, specific carbohydrate restrictions emerged as independent hazards; "never eat sugar" (Estimate = 0.624, SE = 0.277, P = .026) and "never eat wheat" (Estimate = 2.292, SE = 1.094, P = .038) were both independently associated with an elevated susceptibility to RF. Restrictions on eggs and dairy products showed no significant independent effects. Genetically predicted dietary diversity exerts a robust renoprotective effect, whereas the extreme exclusion of primary carbohydrate sources (sugar and wheat) independently drives RF risk. These findings suggest that long-term restriction of key macro-nutritional vectors may disturb renal metabolic homeostasis, underlining the need for caution before adopting untargeted elimination diets.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.