ArticleClinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology2026
Insulin levels in prepubertal patients with isolated premature pubarche: The
Article in Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
We aimed to determine insulin levels and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index in a cohort of children with isolated premature pubarche, to analyze the potential influence of adiposity, and to compare these parameters with those of a reference population. This study included 50 prepubertal patients with isolated premature pubarche between the ages of 5 and 8 yr (girls) and up to 9 yr (boys). Anthropometric parameters, abdominal circumference, body composition assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and bone age were evaluated. Blood glucose, lipid profile, insulin, IGF-1, and androgen levels were measured. Standard deviation scores for insulin and the HOMA-IR index were calculated using age- and sex-specific reference values for our population. Among the participants, 76% were girls, and 20% had obesity. Insulin levels and the HOMA-IR index in normal-weight patients were similar to the population mean, whereas they were significantly increased in patients with excess adiposity. Higher levels were also observed in children who were formula-fed at birth compared with those who were breastfed, and in those with advanced bone age compared with those with bone age appropriate for chronological age; in both cases, this association was mediated by adiposity. The increase in insulin levels and the HOMA-IR index in patients with isolated premature pubarche appears to be influenced by adiposity.
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