ReviewTobacco induced diseases2026
The effect of long-term e-cigarette use on the inflammation marker fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Review in Tobacco induced diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionE-cigarettes are perceived as a less harmful alternative to conventional cigarettes; however, concerns remain about the potential health risks associated with long-term use. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the long-term effects of e-cigarettes on airway inflammation, as measured by fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).
methodsThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched via Ovid, with the last search conducted on 3 October 2025. Studies were included if they used FeNO to assess the effects of long-term e-cigarette use; those without FeNO measurements were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed with validated tools according to study design, and meta-analysis was performed when quantitative data were available. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024508780).
resultsFrom 1018 records, six studies (n=792 participants) met the eligibility criteria. The included studies varied in population characteristics and findings: one reported higher FeNO in complete quitters versus failures/reducers; two found higher FeNO in e-cigarette users versus controls; two observed no difference; and one found lower FeNO among e-cigarette users. The meta-analysis of three studies showed a pooled mean difference of -0.26 (95% CI: -9.74-9.22), indicating no significant difference between groups.
conclusionsThe results across studies were heterogeneous and inconclusive, highlighting the variability in findings related to the impact of long-term e-cigarette use on airway inflammation. These inconsistencies underscore the need for further research, particularly well-powered longitudinal prospective studies, to better understand the long-term effects of e-cigarette use on inflammatory biomarkers such as FeNO.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.