ArticleFrontiers in reproductive health2026
Anogenital distance as a biomarker for endometriosis in adolescents: a prospective, matched case-control study.
Article in Frontiers in reproductive health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether anogenital distance (AGD), a potential non-invasive biomarker reflecting prenatal androgen exposure, differs between adolescents with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and matched controls. Methods: This IRB-approved, matched case-control study was conducted at a single pediatric hospital between March 2024 and June 2025. Twenty adolescents aged 13-25 years were enrolled: 10 with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and 10 controls (three asymptomatic, seven laparoscopically confirmed without endometriosis), matched by age (±1 year) and body mass index (BMI) (±2 kg/m Results: The mean AGD-AC was 9.4 ± 1.2 cm in cases versus 9.7 ± 1.4 cm in matched controls; the mean AGD-AF was 3.5 ± 0.5 cm in cases versus 3.2 ± 0.8 cm in matched controls. Paired Conclusion: We did not detect a difference in AGD measurements between adolescents with laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and age and BMI-matched controls; however, with only 10 matched pairs, this study was powered to detect only a large effect, and therefore, these null findings should be interpreted cautiously. Larger longitudinal studies are warranted to assess whether AGD correlates with disease onset, severity, or progression.
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