SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2026
Neutrophil extracellular traps as a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: Elevated Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated biomarkers have been documented in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and preclinical models, but the therapeutic potential of targeting NETs remains unclear. This systematic review summarizes NETs-associated biomarkers in IBD patients and evaluates NETs-targeted interventions in preclinical models. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched databases up to November 2025. Clinical and preclinical studies assessing NETs expression and targeted modulation in IBD were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Forty-eight studies (12 clinical, 31 pre-clinical, 5 mixed) were identified. In clinical studies, NETs-associated biomarkers were elevated in the colonic mucosa and blood compared with healthy controls, and higher NETs burden was associated with more severe disease severity and poorer prognosis in IBD patients. In preclinical studies, direct NETs inhibition and degradation reduced disease activity index (SMD = -1.00 and -1.71, Conclusion: NETs accumulation is a hallmark pathological feature of IBD. In preclinical IBD models, targeted NETs modulation ameliorates colitis by restoring the intestinal barrier integrity and suppressing inflammatory cascades. Further high-quality preclinical and translational studies are needed to define standardized detection methods, optimal dosing, and delivery strategies for clinical translation. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD420261365119.
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