ArticleFrontiers in psychology2026
Growth mindset and adolescent exercise persistence: a moderated serial mediation model through self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Adolescence is the period in which physical-activity habits either take root or quietly unravel, and in China crowded timetables and examination pressure make the second outcome unusually common. What separates the adolescents who keep exercising from those who drift away is therefore a question with real public-health stakes, and beliefs about whether athletic ability can be developed offer one promising but under-tested answer. Drawing on social cognitive theory and self-determination theory, we specified a moderated serial mediation model and examined it in 860 adolescents aged 12 to 18, sampled from eastern, central, and western China. Growth mindset, exercise self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, perceived exercise climate, and baseline persistence were assessed at Time 1; exercise persistence was reassessed 1 month later and served as the outcome, with baseline persistence controlled. The analytic sequence combined confirmatory factor analysis, tests of measurement invariance across gender and school level, structural equation modeling with cluster-robust standard errors, bias-corrected bootstrapping with 5,000 resamples, and an unconstrained product-indicator test of latent moderation. Growth mindset was associated with exercise persistence both directly (
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