ArticleFrontiers in neurology2026
Correlation analysis of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and glutamate levels changes after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation intervention with functional improvement in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and glutamate (Glu) changes with functional recovery after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients, so as to provide biological evidence for rTMS efficacy evaluation. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 149 patients with AIS, who were assigned to a control group ( Results: After 4 weeks, the rTMS group showed significantly greater increase in BDNF and decreases in MMP-9 and Glu than controls ( Conclusion: : rTMS combined with conventional therapy may be associated with greater improvement in neurological and motor function in AIS, potentially via regulating BDNF, MMP-9, and Glu. These biomarkers may serve as candidate indicators for treatment response. However, given the observational nature of this study, these findings should be interpreted with caution and require confirmation in future randomized controlled trials.
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