Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42823475›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2026

A human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spheroid model to investigate myelin injury and repair.

Shwathy Ramesan, Joel Mason, Sandeep S Kumar, Molly E V Swanson, Denis Korneev, Samuel A Mills, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Aaron Andres, Lijun Loh, Tyra D Fraser and 12 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Shwathy RamesanFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Joel MasonFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Sandeep S KumarMelbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Molly E V SwansonCentre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Denis KorneevRamaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-8317
Samuel A MillsDepartment of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Yasith MathangasingheDepartment of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4641-5642
Aaron AndresFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Lijun LohFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-2355
Tyra D FraserFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Katherine N LewisFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
François-Xavier E BeauFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Stephanie ChuaFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5073-9670
Natasha Kapoor-KaushikRamaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8616-592X
Lewis J WilliamsInfection and Global Health, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Miran MrkelaCentre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Bradley J TurnerFlorey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-7655
Georg RammRamaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-2288
Matthew V RutarFaculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
Heejung ShimMelbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1375-9310
David G Gonsalvez *Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Samantha K Barton *Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. samantha.barton@florey.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-0238

Funding

Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 2021811
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are no currently approved therapies that promote new myelin formation after myelin damage, which can, in part, be attributed to a lack of reliable systems that can reproducibly model these processes. Here we engineered a human iPSC-derived spheroid model enriched with mature, myelinating oligodendrocytes and functionally reactive microglia. This model enables the study of human central nervous system remyelination after a demyelinating insult by recapitulating processes of myelin damage and repair. These include myelin fragmentation, microglial reactivity and phagocytosis of myelin debris, oligodendrocyte generation and differentiation, and axonal ensheathment with newly formed myelin. We show that newly generated oligodendrocytes contribute to remyelination, and use ultrastructural quantification to demonstrate that remyelinated axons are ensheathed by thinner myelin after injury. Altogether, we provide a model to interrogate otherwise inaccessible aspects of human myelin biology relevant to multiple sclerosis, providing mechanistic insights into disease pathways and a platform for drug screening.

Identifiers

PMID42823475

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.