ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026
Phenotypic characterization of presumptive propriospinal myoclonus in young dogs (2013-2025).
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPropriospinal myoclonus (PSM) is characterized by repetitive, brief jerks of the trunk, hips, and knees in humans and has not been reported in dogs. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesTo describe phenotype, diagnostic findings, treatment, and outcomes in presumptive PSM in dogs. ANIMALS: Twenty-seven dogs with presumptive PSM.
methodsMulticenter, retrospective study of dogs with myoclonus affecting the limbs and trunk without head involvement, identified through online calls for suspected cases.
resultsMedian age at onset was 9 months (range, 2-44 months). Propriospinal myoclonus involved pelvic limbs in all dogs, thoracic limbs in 14/27 (52%), and trunk in 9/27 (33%). Pelvic limb myoclonus was extensor in all dogs, whereas thoracic limb involvement was extensor in 12/27 (44%) and flexor in 3/27 (11%) dogs. Episodes were observed in a non-weight-bearing posture in all dogs, mainly lateral (25/27; 93%) and sternal (12/27; 44%) recumbency. Neurological examination was normal in all dogs. Abnormalities were not detected on magnetic resonance imaging of the spinal cord (4/6) or brain (6/6) in 5/6 dogs; in the remaining dog, findings were unrelated to the presumptive PSM. Follow-up information was available for 26/27 (96%) dogs. Sixteen dogs (59%) received no treatment, of which 9/16 (56%) showed spontaneous reduction in PSM frequency. Treatment with various antiseizure medications was started in 11/27 (41%) dogs, of which 5/11 (45%) improved. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Presumptive PSM affected young dogs and is likely idiopathic. The condition is characterized by extensor myoclonus predominantly affecting pelvic limbs during recumbency, with preserved mentation. Spontaneous improvement seems common. ABSTRACT TRANSLATED TO DUTCH/FLEMISH: Achtergrond: Propriospinale myoclonus (PSM) wordt bij mens gekenmerkt door repetitieve, schokbewegingen van de romp, heupen en knieën. Tot op heden is deze aandoening niet beschreven bij honden.Doelstelling; Het beschrijven van het fenotype, diagnostische bevindingen, behandeling en klinische uitkomst.Dieren: Zevenentwintig honden met vermoedelijke PSM. Methoden-Multicentrische retrospectieve studie bij honden met myoclonus waarbij de ledematen waren betrokken, geïdentificeerd via online meldingen van vermoedelijke gevallen.Resultaten: De mediane leeftijd bij aanvang van de symptomen bedroeg 9 maanden (spreiding: 2-44 maanden). Bij alle honden was PSM aanwezig in de achterpoten, bij 14/27 (52%) in de voorpoten en bij 9/27 (33%) in de romp. De myoclonus van de achterpoten was bij alle honden in extensie. Ter hoogte van de voorpoten was de myoclonus in extensie (12/27 (44%) en in flexie (3/27 (11%). De episoden traden voornamelijk op in zijligging (25/27; 93%) en sternale (12/27; 44%). Neurologisch onderzoek was bij alle honden normaal. Magnetische resonantiebeeldvorming van ruggenmerg (4/6) en hersenen (6/6) was bij 5/6 honden normaal. Follow-upinformatie was beschikbaar voor 26/27 (96%) honden. Zestien honden (59%) kregen geen behandeling, waarvan 9/16 (56%) een spontane afname van de frequentie van de PSM vertoonden. Bij 11/27 (41%) honden werd een behandeling met aanvalswerende medicijnen gestart, waarbij 5/11 (45%) een verbetering vertoonden.Conclusies en klinische relevantie: Vermoedelijke PSM lijkt voornamelijk voor te komen bij jonge honden en is waarschijnlijk idiopathisch. Het klinisch beeld wordt gekenmerkt door een myoclonus in extensie van voornamelijk de achterpoten tijdens het liggen. Een spontane verbetering lijkt vaak voor te komen.
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