Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42821642›Full record

ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026

Household and community drivers of Aedes aegypti infestation in tropical cities: Guiding community-led interventions.

Eimear Griffin, Thiago da Mata Barreto, Zoe Ward, Juliet Oliveira Santana, Hussein Khalil, Mike Begon, Mitermayer Galvão G Reis, Cleber Cremonese, Federico Costa, Hernan D Argibay and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Eimear GriffinSchool of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6835-4777
Thiago da Mata BarretoInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Zoe WardCabot Institute for the Environment, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
Juliet Oliveira SantanaInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Hussein KhalilGonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Mike BegonDepartment of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Mitermayer Galvão G ReisGonçalo Moniz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Cleber CremoneseInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Federico CostaInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Hernan D ArgibayInstitute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Guy HowardSchool of Civil, Aerospace and Design Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-9807

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Disadvantaged communities characterised by poor sanitation conditions, overcrowding, and limited vector control are highly susceptible to Aedes aegypti proliferation and arboviral disease transmission. Effective mosquito vector control requires a detailed understanding of Ae. aegypti oviposition preferences and spatial distribution within such urban environments. This study aimed to identify key environmental and behavioural drivers of Ae. aegypti proliferation in disadvantaged communities of Salvador, Brazil, combining household surveys, entomological assessments, and remote sensing to guide targeted public health interventions. Between March and December 2023, using a systematic sampling approach, an entomological survey was conducted in 174 households, alongside a socio-demographic and environmental visual inspection survey in 119 households within two disadvantaged communities of Salvador. Ovitraps were used to collect Ae. aegypti eggs and immatures, providing a detailed assessment of mosquito density. The visual inspection survey identified potential breeding sites (sources of standing water) for Ae. aegypti in the peri-domestic environment. Landcover classification was performed to provide insights into vegetation coverage and other landscape features in the study area. Multivariate modelling explored associations between environmental and household factors, and Ae. aegypti density. Of the 303 recovered ovitraps, 85 (55.6%) indoor and 123 (82.0%) outdoor were positive for eggs, with a total of 11,211 Ae. aegypti eggs recorded. Environmental factors strongly associated with egg abundance included ovitrap location, garbage deposited in front of the house, proximity (within 10 m) to an open sewer, and the presence of open plastic containers in the peri-domestic environment. No significant spatial clustering of mosquito egg density was observed. Breeding was most prolific in the peri-domestic environment, highlighting the importance of keeping these areas clean and well-managed. Improving waste disposal, water storage practices, and sanitation infrastructure could enhance the effectiveness of vector control. These findings provide evidence to inform integrated strategies for reducing arboviral disease risk in disadvantaged urban settings.

Indexed as

AedesMosquito ControlMosquito VectorsAnimalsBrazilCitiesFamily CharacteristicsFemaleHumansOvipositionPopulation DensityTropical Climate

Identifiers

PMID42821642
PMCPMC13638034

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.