Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42821508›Full record

ArticleCerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Sex Disparities in ICH: Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in the TICH-2 Trial.

Chaamanti S Menon, Michael Desborough, Elinor Mai Greenman, Lisa Woodhouse, Zhe Kang Law, Kailash Krishnan, Rob A Dineen, Philip M Bath, Nikola Sprigg

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Article in Cerebrovascular diseases (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Chaamanti S MenonStroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK, chaamanti.menon1@nottingham.ac.uk.
Michael DesboroughDepartment of Clinical Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Elinor Mai GreenmanSchool of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Lisa WoodhouseStroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Zhe Kang LawNeurology Unit, Department of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, National University of Malaysia, Nottingham, UK.
Kailash KrishnanStroke, Department of Stroke Medicine, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham Hospital University Trust, Nottingham, UK.
Rob A DineenRadiological Sciences, Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Philip M BathStroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Nikola SpriggStroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSex-based disparities in ischaemic stroke outcomes are more widely reported than those for intracerebral haemorrhage. This study aims to examine sex differences in baseline characteristics, imaging findings, care processes, and functional outcomes following ICH and to determine whether the treatment effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) differed by sex.

methodsWe performed a post hoc analysis of the TICH-2 trial, a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled study of TXA in spontaneous ICH. Baseline characteristics and care processes were compared between men and women. The primary outcome was functional status at day 90 (modified Rankin Scale, mRS). Regression models were adjusted for prespecified prognostic variables. Odds ratios represent the odds of poor outcome in women compared to men, with men serving as the reference group. Interaction terms were used to test for sex-treatment effects.

resultsOf 2,325 patients in TICH-2, 1,024 (44%) were women. Women were older (mean age 72.3 vs. 66.2 years, p < 0.001), had worse pre-stroke function (mRS 0.71 vs. 0.43, p < 0.001), larger haematomas (25.6 mL vs 22.7 mL, p = 0.012), and more lobar bleeds (39.2% vs. 25.9%, p < 0.001). They were also more likely to receive early do-not-attempt-resuscitation (DNAR) orders (22.6% vs. 12.4%, p = 0.003). After adjustment, there were no significant sex differences in functional outcome at 90 days (aOR 1.04, 95% CI 0.88-1.22). There was no evidence of a sex-specific treatment effect with TXA (interaction p > 0.1).

conclusionDespite older age, poorer pre-stroke function, more severe imaging features, and higher rate of early DNAR status, women had similar adjusted 90-day functional outcomes to men.

Indexed as

Intracerebral haemorrhageModified Rankin ScaleProcesses of careSex disparitiesStroke outcomesTICH-2 trialTranexamic acidTreatment escalation plan

Identifiers

PMID42821508
PMCPMC13688365

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.