ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026
Video-Based Analysis of Language and Pre-Pragmatic Skills for Identifying Autism Risk in Infancy: A Case-Observation Study.
Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeEarly childhood is a critical period for optimizing developmental outcomes. Although early social-communication differences may be observable before a formal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), clinical diagnosis often occurs around age three. This study compared retrospective home-video indicators of pre-pragmatic, receptive-language, and expressive-language behaviors in infants aged 0-12 months who were later diagnosed with ASD and typically developing (TD) peers. The aim was to identify group-level candidate early behavioral indicators rather than to evaluate diagnostic or screening accuracy.
methodsA single-center retrospective case-control design was used. Home videos recorded from birth to 12 months were analyzed for 30 children (ASD, n = 15; TD, n = 15). Communication behaviors were coded as present or absent using structured checklists across three domains: receptive language (61 items), expressive language (41 items), and pre-pragmatic skills (19 items). Item-level between-group differences were tested using two-sided Fisher's exact tests; effect sizes were estimated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied within each domain.
resultsOf the 121 assembled outcomes, 120 were analyzable. Overall, 63 of 120 items (52.5%) differed between groups at p < .05, and 55 of 120 (45.8%) remained significant after FDR correction. The highest proportion of FDR-significant differences was observed in receptive language (35/61, 57.4%), followed by expressive language (15/41, 36.6%) and pre-pragmatic skills (5/18, 27.8%). Directionality was highly consistent, with 54 of 55 FDR-significant items showing lower endorsement in the ASD group.
conclusionsInfants later diagnosed with ASD showed lower endorsement across a broad range of pre-pragmatic and early language behaviors, particularly in receptive language. These findings identify candidate early behavioral indicators and support the potential adjunctive value of retrospective home-video review in developmental history taking. They do not validate a screening or diagnostic method.
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