Observational studyLangenbeck's archives of surgery2026
An inflammation-nutrition composite index and its dynamic change for predicting postoperative wound complications.
Observational study in Langenbeck's archives of surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPostoperative wound complications are an important cause of morbidity, and routinely available inflammatory markers may assist with early risk assessment. This study evaluated a newly proposed exploratory composite index, the Wound Inflammation-Nutrition Index (WINA), and its change between postoperative day 1 and postoperative day 3 (ΔWINA) in relation to postoperative wound complications.
methodsThis retrospective observational study included 86 patients who underwent general surgical procedures between January 2020 and December 2025. WINA was calculated by multiplying the C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio by the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio at postoperative days 1 and 3. ΔWINA was calculated as the POD3 value minus the POD1 value. Logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic analysis, model comparison, bootstrap internal validation, and sensitivity analyses were performed.
resultsPostoperative wound complications occurred in 24 patients (27.9%). WINA values at POD1 and POD3 and ΔWINA were higher in patients with wound complications (all p < 0.001). In the parsimonious multivariable model, ΔWINA per 100-unit increase was associated with wound complications (adjusted OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.44-3.13, p = 0.001), together with diabetes mellitus (adjusted OR: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.01-8.29, p = 0.048) and operative time per 30-minute increase (adjusted OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.08-2.58, p = 0.021). ΔWINA had an AUC of 0.872 (95% CI: 0.789-0.941), with 83.3% sensitivity, 80.6% specificity, 62.5% positive predictive value, and 92.6% negative predictive value at a cut-off of 245.0. Its discrimination did not differ significantly from WINA at POD3. Adding ΔWINA to the clinical model increased the AUC from 0.772 to 0.903 (ΔAUC: 0.131, p = 0.003). The association remained after excluding complications diagnosed on or before POD3.
conclusionΔWINA was associated with postoperative wound complications and improved the performance of a parsimonious clinical model. However, it did not outperform WINA measured at POD3, and the derived cut-off requires external validation before clinical use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.