Dietary pyrroloquinoline quinone alleviated intestinal damage of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) induced by oxidized fish oil: insight from intestinal digestive enzyme, antioxidant status, morphology, inflammation, and microbiota.

Qingchao Shi, Jingping Luo, Jiang Xie, Yi Liu, Peng Hu, Qiang Lai, Chuanjie Qin

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Fish physiology and biochemistry, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qingchao ShiFishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Fisheries, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China. gaoyisqc@126.com.

Jingping LuoFishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Fisheries, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China.

Jiang XieFishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Fisheries, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China.

Yi LiuFishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Fisheries, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China.

Peng HuFishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Fisheries, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China.

Qiang LaiZizhong County Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service Center, Neijiang, 641100, China.

Chuanjie QinFishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Fisheries, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641100, China. qinchuanjie@126.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Feeding oxidized fish oil to cultured fish harms their intestine, but whether pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) can counteract this damage had not been explored. This 56-day study investigated the protective effects of dietary PQQ against oxidized fish oil-induced intestinal injury in juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Four hundred and eighty yellow catfish (initial weight approximately 12 g) were randomly assigned to four groups in triplicate: control (fresh fish oil), PQQ (fresh oil + 5 mg/kg PQQ), OFO (oxidized oil), and PFO (oxidized oil + 5 mg/kg PQQ). Fish fed OFO diet showed significantly reduced intestinal lipase and trypsin activities, lower antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase), higher malondialdehyde content, shorter and fewer mucosal folds, upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α), downregulated transforming growth factor-β, and a disrupted gut microbiota. Dietary PQQ supplementation in the OFO diet largely reversed these adverse effects, restoring most parameters to levels comparable to the control group. PQQ also reversed the OFO-induced increase in Firmicutes and decrease in Proteobacteria and restored the relative abundances of Pseudomonas, Variovorax, Enterobacter, and Candidatus Arthromitus to levels comparable to the control group. Taken together, PQQ effectively protected the juvenile yellow catfish intestine from oxidized fish oil-induced damage by improving digestion, boosting antioxidant defenses, reducing inflammation, and rebalancing the gut microbiota. PQQ is therefore a promising functional feed additive to mitigate lipid oxidation-related problems in aquafeeds.

Indexed as

CatfishesFish OilsIntestinesPQQ CofactorAnimal FeedAnimalsAntioxidantsDietDietary SupplementsFish DiseasesGastrointestinal MicrobiomeInflammationOxidation-ReductionAntioxidantsFish OilsPQQ CofactorIntestinal healthOxidized fish oilPyrroloquinoline quinoneYellow catfish

Identifiers

PMID42821124

DOI10.1007/s10695-026-01808-8

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.