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ArticleStrahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al]2026

Outcomes in long-term survivors treated with stereotactic cranial radiotherapy for brain metastases.

Robert Förster, Paul Windisch, Daniel R Zwahlen, Christina Schröder

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Article in Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al], 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Robert FörsterDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
Paul WindischDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
Daniel R ZwahlenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland.
Christina SchröderDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, 8401, Winterthur, Switzerland. christina.schroeder@ksw.ch.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to characterize long-term intracranial control, recurrence patterns, radiation necrosis (RN) risk, and treatment intensity among patients with ≥ 24 months of follow-up after stereotactic cranial radiotherapy (SRT).

methodsWe conducted a retrospective review of patients treated with SRT at a single institution from 2018 to 2023. Eligible patients received at least one course of SRT and had ≥ 104 weeks of follow-up. Clinical, treatment, and radiologic data were collected as well as in-field and out-of-field failure, RN incidence and management, survival, and treatment patterns over time.

resultsFifty-one patients met the inclusion criteria, contributing 130 SRT courses treating 241 lesions. Median follow-up was 33.8 months. Most patients (51%) had non-small cell lung cancer, and 80% received systemic therapy after initial SRT. In-field failure occurred in 16.2% of lesions and 47.1% of patients, with higher failure rates in resection cavities than in intact metastases. Out-of-field failure occurred in 47.1% of patients, most commonly managed with additional SRT. The 2‑year in-field and out-of-field recurrence-free rates were 47.7% and 56.6%, respectively. Radiation necrosis developed in 21 lesions (8.7%), with substantially higher incidence in resection cavities (29.4%) and re-irradiated targets. Median time to RN was 11.2 months, and 38% required surgical intervention. Five-year overall survival was 67.8%.

conclusionAmong long-term survivors treated with SRT, both intracranial recurrence and RN remain clinically significant. As patient survival improves, individualized surveillance, careful consideration of cumulative radiation exposure, and optimized re-irradiation strategies are essential to minimize toxicity while maintaining durable intracranial control.

Indexed as

Brain neoplasmsIntracranial recurrenceNon-small cell lung cancerRadiation necrosisRe-irradiation

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.