Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42820473›Full record

ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2026

ORF3 Depletion Attenuates SADS-CoV Virulence and Retains Partial Maternally Mediated Protection in Suckling Mice.

Nian-Qi Zhang, Wei Huang, Zhong-Li Zhang, Pan-Pan Zhao, Zhao-Yi Xu, Nian-Jin Zhang, Zhi-Gang Xie, Yong-Le Yang, Feng Cong, Yao-Wei Huang and 1 more

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Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Nian-Qi ZhangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.
Wei HuangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.
Zhong-Li ZhangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.
Pan-Pan ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.
Zhao-Yi XuState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.
Nian-Jin ZhangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.
Zhi-Gang XieState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.
Yong-Le YangXianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3266-8019
Feng CongCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China, zhku.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3813-0500
Yao-Wei HuangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9755-8411
Bin WangState Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China, scau.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2585-3160

Funding

Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province 2025A1515010899Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture Project NG2022001National Natural Science Foundation of China 32302841National Natural Science Foundation of China 32302873Specific University Discipline Construction Project 2023B10564003
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an emerging enteric coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Its broad host range, tropism for human-origin cells, and limited vaccine availability underscore the importance of defining viral determinants of pathogenicity. The accessory protein ORF3 has been linked to CoV virulence, but its role in SADS-CoV infection in vivo and its impact on maternally transferred protection have not been fully established. Here, we used reverse genetics to generate rSADS-ΔORF3/GFP, a recombinant virus with ORF3 replaced by GFP, and compared it with parental rSADS-CoV in suckling BALB/c mice. ORF3 depletion markedly attenuated disease and reduced viral RNA burdens across tissues relative to parental rSADS-CoV. Because maternally derived immunity is critical to protection against swine enteric CoV infection in newborn animals, we further evaluated whether rSADS-ΔORF3/GFP, as a potential live attenuated vaccine (LAV), could elicit maternal protection transferred from inoculated dams to their offspring. Compared with parental rSADS-CoV, rSADS-ΔORF3/GFP induced lower maternal neutralizing antibody titers and provided less robust protection in challenged offspring. Nevertheless, offspring from rSADS-ΔORF3/GFP-inoculated dams showed improved survival, weight gain, milder intestinal pathology, and lower tissue viral RNA burdens than offspring from DMEM-inoculated dams, indicating retained protective immunogenicity. Together, these findings support a contribution of ORF3 to SADS-CoV virulence and demonstrate that ORF3 depletion yields an attenuated virus that retains partial maternally mediated protective efficacy. The residual immunogenicity of rSADS-ΔORF3/GFP, combined with its reduced virulence, supports its further evaluation as a LAV candidate.

Indexed as

Coronavirus InfectionsDeltacoronavirusImmunity, Maternally-AcquiredSwine DiseasesViral ProteinsAnimalsAnimals, SucklingFemaleMiceMice, Inbred BALB CSwineVaccines, AttenuatedViral VaccinesVirulenceVaccines, AttenuatedViral ProteinsViral Vaccineslive attenuated vaccine (LAV)maternal protectionORF3swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV)virulence

Identifiers

PMID42820473
PMCPMC13629294

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.