Trial reportDrug design, development and therapy2026
Liposomal Bupivacaine versus Bupivacaine Hydrochloride Plus Dexamethasone for Combined Adductor Canal and iPACK Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Drug design, development and therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: To compare postoperative analgesia and early quadriceps recovery between liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine hydrochloride plus dexamethasone administered through combined adductor canal block (ACB) and infiltration between the popliteal artery and capsule of the posterior knee (iPACK) in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: This single-center, randomized, controlled, outcome-assessor-blinded trial included 60 patients in the final analysis (30 per group). The BL group received liposomal bupivacaine plus bupivacaine hydrochloride, whereas the Dex group received bupivacaine hydrochloride plus dexamethasone; both regimens were administered through combined ACB and iPACK. The primary outcome was the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score at rest 24 hours after surgery. Secondary outcomes included pain at other time points, intraoperative hemodynamics and opioid use, quadriceps muscle strength, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) consumption, rescue analgesia, and opioid-related adverse events. The trial was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500115826; December 31, 2025). Results: At 24 hours, resting VAS scores were 2.4±0.8 in the BL group and 2.9±1.1 in the Dex group, with a mean difference of -0.52 points (95% CI, -1.01 to -0.02; P=0.040). Repeated-measures analysis showed significant group, time, and group-by-time effects for both resting and movement VAS, and quadriceps strength favored the BL group at 12 hours. The 48-hour cumulative PCIA volume was 99.75 (96.00, 100.00) mL versus 100.00 (100.00, 100.00) mL (P<0.001). Rescue analgesia was more frequent in the Dex group overall (RR=2.40, 95% CI 1.12-5.14; P=0.024), including at 48 hours (3/30 vs 11/30; P=0.030). Conclusion: In patients undergoing TKA, the liposomal bupivacaine-containing ACB+iPACK regimen was associated with lower postoperative pain at selected time points and better quadriceps strength at 12 hours than the bupivacaine hydrochloride plus dexamethasone regimen. These findings suggest a potential early analgesic benefit during the first 72 postoperative hours, although the clinical importance of the pain difference warrants cautious interpretation.
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