ReviewInternational journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention2026
Polyphenol-rich cocoa in reducing diabetes-related pulmonary and vascular dysfunction: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Review in International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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23 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Pulmonary and vascular complications in diabetes remain highly prevalent and remain leading causes of morbidity and mortality, including sudden death. Recent studies suggest that therapies targeting low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress could halt the decline in pulmonary/vascular function in diabetes. One potential therapy is naturally occurring polyphenols. This study aims to investigate the potential pulmonary/vascular benefits of polyphenols in individuals with diabetes. Methods: This is a 2-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial with 1:1 randomization, involving 100 participants per arm. Participants will receive either 500 mg of polyphenol (in 10 g of polyphenol-rich cocoa) per day for three months (intervention group) or an identical-appearing placebo once daily for three months, in addition to standard of care. Clinical, lifestyle, biochemical, pulmonary, microvascular, and macrovascular measures will be taken at baseline (week 0), and at weeks 4, 8, and 12 of treatment. The primary endpoint is the change in percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV Conclusion: This study will provide data on how polyphenol-rich cocoa differentially impacts pulmonary and vascular functions in diabetes.
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